Mechanistic cardiac electrophysiology models allow for personalized simulations of the electrical activity in the heart and the ensuing electrocardiogram (ECG) on the body surface. As such, synthetic signals possess known ground truth labels of the underlying disease and can be employed for validation of machine learning ECG analysis tools in addition to clinical signals. Recently, synthetic ECGs were used to enrich sparse clinical data or even replace them completely during training leading to improved performance on real-world clinical test data. We thus generated a novel synthetic database comprising a total of 16,900 12 lead ECGs based on electrophysiological simulations equally distributed into healthy control and 7 pathology classes. The pathological case of myocardial infraction had 6 sub-classes. A comparison of extracted features between the virtual cohort and a publicly available clinical ECG database demonstrated that the synthetic signals represent clinical ECGs for healthy and pathological subpopulations with high fidelity. The ECG database is split into training, validation, and test folds for development and objective assessment of novel machine learning algorithms.
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在这项工作中，我们重新审视标准自适应有限元方法（AFEM）中做出的标记决定。经验表明，na \“ {i} ve标记策略会导致对自适应网格改进的计算资源的效率低下。因此，实践中使用AFEM通常涉及临时或耗时的离线参数调整来设置适当的参数对于标记子例程。为了解决这些实际问题，我们将AMR作为马尔可夫决策过程，在该过程中可以在运行时选择完善参数，而无需专家用户进行预先调整。在此新范式中，还可以通过标记策略自适应地选择细化参数，该标记策略可以使用强化学习中的方法进行优化。我们使用泊松方程来证明我们在$ h $ - 和$ hp $ - $ $ - 重新计算基准问题上的技术，我们的实验表明，这表明我们的实验表明对于许多古典AFEM应用程序，尚未发现卓越的标记策略。此外，这项工作的意外观察是，对一个PDE家族进行培训的标记政策是有时的MES足够强大，可以在训练家庭之外的问题上表现出色。为了进行插图，我们表明，在只有一个重新入口的2D域中训练的简单$ HP $投资政策可以在更复杂的2D域甚至3D域中部署，而没有大幅度的性能损失。为了复制和更广泛的采用，我们伴随着这项工作，并采用了我们方法的开源实施。
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